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20.3 cm K (E)
The 20.3 cm Kanone (E - Eisenbahnlafette (railroad mount)) was a German railroad gun used on coast-defense duties in Occupied France and Belgium during World War II. Eight guns were transferred from the Navy's stocks after having become redundant with the loss and sale of several Admiral Hipper-class heavy cruisers and were delivered in 1941 and 1942.
==Design==
As part of the re-armament program initiated by the Nazis after taking power in 1933 the Army High Command ''(Oberkommando des Heeres – OKH)'' ordered Krupp to begin work on new railroad artillery designs, but they would take a long time to develop. Krupp pointed out that it could deliver a number of railroad guns much more quickly using obsolete guns already on hand and modernizing their original World War I mountings for which it still had drawings available. OKH agreed and authorized Krupp in 1936 to begin design of a series of guns between for delivery by 1939 as the Emergency Program (''Sofort-Programe'').〔Gander and Chamberlain, p. 231〕
Eight ''20.3 cm SK C/34'' guns intended for the Admiral Hipper-class heavy cruisers were made available for the Army. Krupp was able to adapt the design of the World War I-era 21 cm SK "Peter Adalbert" for the smaller guns.〔Hogg, p. 117〕 Two differences were the substitution of an ammunition crane for the overhead ammunition trolley system of the "Peter Adalbert" and the removal of the latter's under-carriage pivot mount and rollers. Sources differ on how much the gun could traverse on its mount. Kosar〔Kosar, p. 212〕 and François〔François, p. 86〕 quote 2.4°, while Gander and Chamberlain say 14',〔 but Hogg says not at all.〔Hogg, p. 117〕 Whatever the exact figure, the gun could traverse only enough on the mount itself for fine corrections, coarser adjustments had to be made by turning the entire mount on the Vögele turntable. The turntable (''Drehscheibe'') consisted of a circular track with a pivot mount in the center for a platform on which the railroad gun itself was secured. A ramp was used to raise the railway gun to the level of the platform. The platform had rollers at each end which rested on the circular rail for 360° traverse. It had a capacity of , enough for most of the railroad guns in the German inventory. The gun could only be loaded at 0° elevation and so had to be re-aimed for each shot. Four guns each were delivered in 1941 and 1942.
Photographic evidence exists of a ''20.3 cm K (E)'' carried by two six-axle Culemeyer-Strassenfahrzeug lowboy trailers and moving by road.〔Englemann, p. 8〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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